What Is A Nano Bomb?

NANO-WARS

“Far more serious, however, is the possibility that a large-scale and convenient manufacturing capacity could be used to make powerful non-replicating weapons in unprecedented quantity, leading to an arms race or war.” 

https://www.express.co.uk/news/science/825989/nanotechnology-nanobots-grey-goo-end-of-the-world Self-replicating Nanobots could DESTROY all life on Earth, warn experts | Science | News | Express.co.uk

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PETER ISHERWELL:

Our BEADS, which stands for BASH Explore and Acquire Drones, will attach to the comet and

scan using Nano-technology

developed by Nobel Prize winner Dr. Gary Talcamont here.

And then we will then deploy Nobel and Polofsky prize winning scientist Dr. Inez’s micro targeted quantum fission explosives deep into the object. Dr. Inez, would you like to explain-

DR. INEZ

Thank you Peter.

We’ve been developing phase fission reactions in the CERN particle accelerator that can splinter the comet into smaller pieces with breathtaking accuracy.

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https://medium.com/technology-hits/what-is-a-nano-bomb-bcc85adcfdcc What Is A Nano Bomb?. Can you benefit from the life-saving… | by Patrick OConnell | Technology Hits | Medium

Nanoscale military applications research began in the 1990s

Using implosion in lieu of explosion

The explosive properties of porous silicon impregnated with an oxidizing agent have been studied. They reproduced the explosion in a solution including water, phosphate, and salt,

which means that the nano bomb can be used on the human body.

When the UD researchers saw the explosion, they realized that mini-bombs could be used to kill cancer cells. Realizing that the uranium cannon design was not suitable for plutonium-based weapons, the scientists at Los Alamos were forced to develop a new design that used implosion instead of an explosion.

The mini-nuclear weapons are activated when a nanoscale laser fires a small thermonuclear fusion bomb using tritium-deuterium fuel.

Their size makes them difficult to scan, detect, and, moreover, with them “practically no radioactive fallout occurs.”

Are the Russians ahead of the US in the development of tiny nanoscale bombs?

Channel One reported that although the Russian nano bomb contains about 7 tons of explosives, compared to the more than 8 tons of the US nano bomb, it is four times more powerful because it uses a new type of high-performance explosive developed using nanotechnology.

Channel One reported that the temperature at the epicenter of the explosion of the Russian bomb was twice the temperature of the American bomb.

Not all nanotechnology, however, is used for lethal purposes. That is a good thing! Specifically,

exploding nanotubes

can be made to target tumors by tagging them with antibodies specific to cancer cell receptors.

The University of Delaware, Newark, suggests destroying tumors in situ with explosive nanotubes. In fact, this research group initially studied the possibility of using carbon nanotubes as drug delivery vehicles.

Where are the breakthroughs?

The researchers acknowledge that the field of nano explosives is new, awaiting breakthroughs and that it requires small working bombs before humans can even begin to understand how to use them.

Because they can, and because the field of nano explosives is new and requires small work bombs before humans can even start figuring out how to use them. It turned out that researchers have also discovered there is an optimal pore size for the most energetic explosion.

An innovative way has been found to mitigate cancer’s spread throughout the body

Researchers at the University of Delaware are opening a new front in the war on cancer by applying new nanotechnology to detect and treat cancer and creating a unique nano bomb that can literally detonate breast cancer tumors.

Nano bombs can be used to target any remaining cancer cells and can be used anywhere in the body, making it possible to create nano bomb therapy for a wide variety of cancers.

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https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128139080000022 Review on Nanoexplosive Materials - ScienceDirect

This chapter provides an overview of the main developments of the three types of nanoexplosives (nano-individual explosives, nanocomposites, and nano-cocrystals) from preparation and characterization of properties, using a comparison of different approaches for preparing nanoexplosives.

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https://phys.org/news/2005-10-scientists-cancer-nanobomb.html Scientists develop cancer nanobomb (phys.org)

University of Delaware researchers are opening a new front in the war on cancer, bringing to bear new nanotechnologies for cancer detection and treatment and introducing a unique nanobomb that can literally blow-up breast cancer tumors.

Laser light ignites bundles of nanotubes, which explode like tiny cluster bombs.

"When you put the atoms in different shapes and forms, they take on different properties at the nanoscale," Panchapakesan said. "We were experimenting with the molecules and considering optical and thermal properties, and found we could trigger microscopic explosions of nanotubes in wide variety of conditions."

Explosions in air of loosely packed nanotubes have been seen before in an oxygen environment, creating ignition. However, the work reported by Panchapakesan uses the localized thermal energy imbalance to set off explosions that are intrinsic in nature.

Panchapakesan said the nanobombs are just that, tiny bombs on the nanoscale. "They work almost like cluster bombs," he said. "Once they are exposed to light and the resulting heat, they start exploding one after another."

The bombs are created by bundling the carbon nanotubes. With a single nanotube, the heat generated by the light is dissipated by surrounding air. In bundles, the heat cannot dissipate as quickly and the result is "an explosion on the nanoscale," Panchapakesan said.

When the UD researchers saw the explosions, they realized it might be possible to use the microscopic bombs to kill cancer cells. They recreated the explosions in solutions including water, phosphate and salt, which meant the nanobombs could be used in the human body. In fact

the explosions were more dramatic in saline solutions,

Panchapakesan said.

Laser light ignites bundles of nanotubes, which explode like tiny cluster bombs.

If the material finds its way to the kidney or accumulates in the blood vessels, the nanoparticles might cause blockage and create problems, Panchapakesan said. Furthermore, the nanobomb route is probably the only way to use nanotubes without any cytotoxicity as the nanotubes are destroyed completely.

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https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/11/9/2374 Nanomaterials | Free Full-Text | Preparation, Characterization and Application of Nano-Graphene-Based Energetic Materials (mdpi.com)

7. Conclusions

Nano-graphene-based energetic compounds are a kind of multifunctional component of propellants and explosives with excellent comprehensive properties. At present, researchers have carried out a large number of studies on nano-graphene-based energetic compounds, but the research on nano-graphene-based energetic compounds still has the following problems:

(1) The research on the reaction mechanism and structure design of the preparation of nano-graphene-based energetic compounds is still unclear.

(2) The sensitization mechanism of nano-graphene on energetic compounds is still unclear.

(3) The engineering application of nano-graphene-based energetic compounds still needs long-term exploration.

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ttps://phys.org/news/2018-06-scientists-blast-aluminum-nanoparticles.html Scientists have a blast with aluminum nanoparticles (phys.org)

Army scientists proved a decades-old prediction that mixing TNT and novel aluminum nanoparticles can significantly enhance energetic performance. This explosive discovery is expected to extend the reach of U.S. Army firepower in battle.

Researchers from the U.S. Army Research Laboratory and Texas Tech University demonstrated up to 30-percent enhancement in the detonation velocity of the explosive TNT by adding novel aluminum nanoparticles in which the native alumina shell has been replaced with an oxidizing salt called AIH, or aluminum iodate hexahydrate.

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http://web.archive.org/web/20101113233924/https://www.nanowerk.com/news/newsid=2546.php Russian military uses nanotechnology to build world's most powerful non-nuclear bomb (archive.org) Posted: September 11, 2007

Russian military uses nanotechnology to build world's most powerful non-nuclear bomb(Nanowerk News) The Russian military has successfully tested what it described as the world's most powerful non-nuclear air-delivered bomb, Russia's state television reported Tuesday, the latest show of the nation's military muscle amid chilly relations with the United States.Channel One television said the new ordnance, nicknamed the «dad of all bombs» is four times more powerful than the U.S. «mother of all bombs. «The tests have shown that the new air-delivered ordnance is comparable to a nuclear weapon in its efficiency and capability,» Col.-Gen. Alexander Rukshin, a deputy chief of the Russian military's General Staff, said in televised remarks. Unlike a nuclear weapon, the bomb does not pose an environmental threat from the release of radiation, he added.

Channel One said that while the Russian bomb contains about 7 tons of high explosives compared with more than 8 tons of explosives in the U.S. bomb, it's four times more powerful because it uses a new, highly efficient type of explosives developed with the use of nanotechnology. The report did not identify the explosives. While the American bomb is equivalent to 11 tons of TNT, the Russian one is equivalent to 44 tons of regular explosives. The Russian weapon's blast radius is 300 meters, or 990 feet, twice as big as that of the U.S. design, the report said.

Like its U.S. predecessor, first tested in 2003, the Russian «dad of all bombs» is a so-called thermobaric weapon that explodes in an intense fireball combined with a devastating blast. It explodes in a terrifying nuclear bomb-like mushroom cloud and wreaks destruction through a massive shockwave created by the air burst and high temperature. Channel One said that the temperature in the epicenter of the Russian bomb's explosion is twice as high as that of the U.S. bomb.

Rukshin said the new bomb would allow the military to «protect the nation's security and confront international terrorism in any situation and any region. «We have got a relatively cheap ordnance with a high strike power,» Yuri Balyko, head of department at the Defense Ministry's institute in charge of weapons design, said on Channel One.

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https://www.cnbc.com/2017/03/17/mini-nukes-and-inspect-bot-weapons-being-primed-for-future-warfare.html Mini-nukes and inspect bot weapons being primed for future warfare (cnbc.com)

Several countries are developing nanoweapons that could unleash attacks using mini-nuclear bombs and insect-like lethal robots.

While it may be the stuff of science fiction today, the advancement of nanotechnology in the coming years will make it a bigger threat to humanity than conventional nuclear weapons, according to an expert. The U.S., Russia and China are believed to be investing billions on nanoweapons research.

Frightening details about military nanotechnologies were outlined in a 2010 report from the Pentagon’s Defense Threat Reduction Agency, including how “transgenic insects could be developed to produce and deliver protein-based biological warfare agents, and be used offensively against targets in a foreign country.”

It also forecast “microexplosives” along with “nanobots serving as [bioweapons] delivery systems or as micro-weapons themselves, and inhalable micro-particles to cripple personnel.”

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https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41314-019-0016-6 Energetic Nanoparticles and Nanomaterials for Future Defense Applications | SpringerLink | Published: 08 February 2019

Abstract

The integration of nanostructured materials in defense systems is expected to improve their performance in terms of power, safety, and reliability. That is why considerable research effort has been undertaken by major military powers worldwide in this domain. The first important step was to develop the production capacities of organic explosives in the state of fine powders with submicron to nanosized particle size distributions. The Spray Flash Evaporation (SFE) process, which is a unique method for producing such materials, was developed at industrial scale. Explosive nanopowders obtained by this process were subsequently mixed with nanosized pyrotechnic compositions such as nanothermites, to prepare hybrid detonating materials able to replace lead-based primary explosives. Composite propellants can also be prepared by SFE which allows mixing their components in a single step with better homogeneity. The ultimate challenge is to move from powder to object, in order to integrate energetic nanomaterials in operational systems. Although the research in this last domain is still in its infancy, several ways of preparation of objects from nanothermites have been recently reported in scientific literature. The focus will be on two examples studied in our laboratory. The first one is the preparation of nanothermites in the state of solid, porous foams; the second one is the use of nanothermites for coating grains of propulsive powder to change their combustion properties.

The era of nanomaterials has open new horizons to the science of explosives and pyrotechnic compositions and is deeply changing the ways to think and to do in this field. The future energetic substances will be “smart materials” with high performances, high safety and reliability of use, and minimized impact on environment.

These new detonating compositions, which were called NSTEX (NanoStructured Thermites and Explosives), have unconventional properties in comparison to those of classical explosives and pyrotechnic compositions, which make them promising candidates for replacing primary explosives containing heavy metals such as lead or cobalt. The last challenge is to move from nanopowders to objects, in order to integrate energetic nanomaterials in real systems produced at industrial scale. This specific aspect will be first discussed through the example of the chemical synthesis of nanothermites in the form of combustible foams from aluminum nanopowder and orthophosphoric acid (H₃PO₄). A second example dealing with the coating of a propulsive powder by a nanothermite will be given,

The nanothermite part of NSTEX is prepared by dispersing its components in a liquid phase (e.g., acetonitrile) by ultrasonic agitation.

The mixture is recovered by evaporating the liquid under reduced pressure. Nanothermites should be handled with precaution, owing to their particularly high sensitivity, especially to electrostatic discharge (ESD).

The main NSTEX feature is their ability to detonate by a transition from deflagration to detonation (TDD). This phenomenon is only observed in loose or slightly pressed NSTEX powders. The high power delivered by the fast combustion of the nanothermite activates the detonation of the fine explosive powder, which occurs in short distances (10–20 mm). The detonation wave then propagates in the NSTEX charge: Its propagation velocity depends both on the density of the explosive in the composition and on the resistance opposed by the nanothermite particles.

The detonation characteristics of NSTEX make them suitable for the replacement of primary explosives which are salts of heavy metals such as lead or cobalt. Lead azide (PbN₆) is the most used primary explosive in detonators: It is synthesized by the Curtius’ method from soluble lead salts. On the other hand, the detonation of lead azide produces small lead particles which are dispersed in environment. The persistence of the pollution by lead and its devastating effects on human health, has led European Chemical Agency to put a series of lead compounds on the list of the Substances of Very High Concern (REACH regulation). It was therefore necessary to develop “greener” compositions for replacing traditional primary explosives. From this standpoint, NSTEX are particularly promising, as they can be prepared from benign compounds such as potassium or calcium sulfates, aluminum and pentaerythritol tetranitrate. […]

Much research remains to be done in this domain, but recent scientific literature reports very promising results for future defense applications.

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https://www.mdpi.com/journal/molecules/special_issues/nanoenergetic_materials Molecules | Special Issue : Research and Application of Nanoenergetic Materials (mdpi.com)

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https://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.4938139 Energetic nanocomposites for detonation initiation in high explosives without primary explosives: Applied Physics Letters: Vol 107, No 24 (scitation.org)

ABSTRACT

The mixing of aluminum nanoparticles with a metal containing oxidizer (here, WO₃ or Bi₂(SO₄)₃) gives reactive materials called nanothermites. In this research, nanothermites were combined with high explosive nanoparticles (RDX) to prepare energetic nanocomposites.

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