WELCOME TO... THE HAARP HOME PAGE
https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/maui-wildfires-caused-by-direct-energy-weapon/Were 2023 Maui Fires Caused by a 'Direct Energy Weapon'? | Snopes.com
So, who are these “fact checkers”?
https://www.bizpacreview.com/2021/08/14/humiliated-fact-checking-snopes-suspends-co-founder-busted-for-fake-news-plagiarism-1118437/ Humiliated 'fact-checking' Snopes suspends co-founder busted for fake news, plagiarism (bizpacreview.com)
Friday was an extremely bad day for “fact-checkers” everywhere, as one of the media’s most beloved “fact-checkers,” Snopes, was itself publicly fact-checked.
It was fact-checked by BuzzFeed News, which published findings of an investigation showing that Snopes’ head honcho, co-founder David Mikkelson, is a “troll” who’s been blatantly lying to the site’s “millions of readers” about a variety of topics.
“Mikkelson … has long presented himself as the arbiter of truth online, a bulwark in the fight against rumors and fake news. But he has been lying to the site’s tens of millions of readers,” BuzzFeed News reported.
The investigation, which was conducted quietly with help from other Snopes’ officials, found 54 articles from Mikkelson containing plagiarized material from outlets including but not limited to The Guardian and the Los Angeles Times.
https://www.businessinsider.com/ceo-of-snopes-plagiarized-dozens-of-articles-2021-8?IR=T The CEO of fact-checking site Snopes was caught plagiarizing dozens of articles
Snopes’ top “fact-checker” Kim LaCapria has admitted on her personal blog that she has “posted to Snopes” after smoking marijuana, the Mail reported.
https://www.france24.com/en/tv-shows/truth-or-fake/20211111-what-is-the-haarp-conspiracy-theory
https://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-trending-62240071 Chemtrails: What's the truth behind the conspiracy theory?
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-66457091 Hawaii wildfires: 'Directed energy weapon' and other false claims go viral
ON WHAT BASIS DO THEY MAKE THESE CLAIMS?
Have these “fact checkers” and “journalists” been to the site? Have they investigated it?
NO! They're using the victims of tragedy to preach their "climate change" and push their agenda!
How about some research?
WELCOME TO. . . HAARP WEBSITE
http://web.archive.org/web/20110610075119/http://www.haarp.alaska.edu/haarp/prpEis.html
To meet the project's research objectives, the HAARP facility would utilize powerful, high frequency (HF) transmissions and a variety of associated observational instruments to investigate naturally occurring and artificially induced ionospheric processes that support, enhance or degrade the propagation of radio waves.
The research facility would be used to understand, simulate and control ionospheric processes that might alter the performance of communications and surveillance systems. This research would enhance present civilian and DOD capabilities because it would facilitate the development of techniques to mitigate or control ionospheric processes.
The most capable HF transmitters currently operating are located in Russia and Norway and have effective radiated powers (ERP) of roughly one billion watts (1 gigawatt). One gigawatt of ERP represents an important threshold power level, allowing significant radio wave generation and analysis of key ionospheric phenomena.
The HAARP facility is designed to have an ERP above one gigawatt. This would elevate the United States to owning and operating the world's most capable ionospheric research instrument.
http://web.archive.org/web/20120131154126/http://www.haarp.alaska.edu/
The Array during construction (2004)
Panoramic Photo of the HF Array
Optical Shelter with Dome
The transmitter is capable of delivering up to 3.6 million Watts to an antenna system consisting of 180 crossed dipole antennas arranged as a rectangular, planar array.
http://web.archive.org/web/20110613024131/http://www.haarp.alaska.edu/haarp/ion2.html
Active ionospheric research facilities like HAARP attempt to produce small temporary changes in a limited region directly over the facility which, in no way, compare to the worldwide events frequently caused by the sun.
Modular UHF Ionospheric Radar
Diagnostic Instrument Pad 3
The HF Ionosonde Antenna
The HF Ionosonde Antenna
Diagnostic Instrument Display Area
Fluxgate Magnetometer
VHF Classic Riometer Antenna
VHF Ionospheric Radar
Aircraft Alert Radar Antenna
Broadband HF Receiving Antenna
Transmitter Shelter
Overhead Photo of the 48-element prototype array
http://web.archive.org/web/20180706172951/https://www.gi.alaska.edu/facilities/haarp HAARP | Geophysical Institute (archive.org)
Publications about HAARP Research, 1990–2010
NOTE: We know this list is out of date. If you know of more recent scientific publications based on HAARP research, please send citations to UAF-GI-HAARP@alaska.edu. Thanks!
HAARP BIBLIOGRAPHY 1990-2010
Afonin, V. V., Alexeyer, V. N., Ivenko, I. B., Khalipov, V. L., Stepanov, A. E., Erason, A. N., & Kondabarov, A. V. (2000). Satellite and ground-based measurements of the SAR-arc phenomena. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth C, 25(1-2), 63-66.
Anderson, P. C. (2001). A survey of spacecraft charging events on the DMSP spacecraft in LEO. European Space Agency, ESA SP(476), 331-336. Notes: special publication of ESA SP.
Andreasen, A. M., Begenesich, J., Fremouw, E., Holland, E., & Mazzella, A. J. (2004). Ionospheric measurements in the wake of solar maximum. (Report No. NWRABECR04R274 //AFRLVSHA-TR20041125 // ADA427533). Northwest Research Associates, Inc., Bellevue, WA. 145 pages.
Andreasen, A. M., Fremouw, E. J., & Mazzella, J. F. (1999). Sensor and analysis developments for near-earth plasma density investigations. (Report No. NWRACR99R208 // AFRLVSTR20001580 // ADA401954). Northwest Research Associates, Inc., Bellevue, WA. 43 pages.
Andreasen, C. C., Fremouw, E. J., Holland, E. A., Mazzella, A. J., & Rao, G. (1998). Investigations of the effects of ionospheric total electron content and scintillation on transionospheric radio wave propagation. (Report No. NWRACR98R186 // AFRLVSHATR980120 // ADA402136). Northwest Research Associates, Inc., Bellevue, WA. 46 pages.
Andreasen, C. C., Fremouw, E. J., Mazzella, A. J., Rao, G. S., & Secan, J. A. (1998). Further investigations of ionospheric total electron content and scintillation effects on transionospheric radiowave propagation. (Report No. NWRACR98R177 // AFRLVSHATR980037 // ADA3456787). Northwest Research Associates, Inc., Bellevue, WA. 41 pages.
Andreason, A. M., Holland, E. A., Fremouw, E. J., Mazzella, A. J., & Rao, G. S. (2002). Investigations of the nature and behavior of plasma-density disturbanced that may impact GPS and other transionospheric systems. (Report No. NWRACR02R247 // AFRLVSTR2003-1540 // ADA417708). Northwest Research Associates, Inc., Bellevue, WA. 33 pages.
Anonymous. (1995). Alaskan details risk of High-Frequency Active Auroral research program in book. Tundra Times, 3.
Anonymous. (2002). Department of Defense. Arctic Research of the United States, 16(Spring/Summer), 62-69.
Anonymous. (1993). Environmental impact analysis process. Final environmental impact statement. Part 2. Proposed High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program. (Report No. ADA2675213). Air Force Materiel Command, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH. 422 pages.
Anonymous. (1993). Environmental impact statement. Volume 1. Proposed High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program. (Report No. ADA2676419). Phillips Lab., Hanscom AFB, MA. 401 pages.
Anonymous. (1994). Establishing the National Polar Radio Science Consortium. (Report No. ADA2792307). University of Alaska Fairbanks, Geophysical Institute, Fairbanks, AK. 6 pages.
Antani, S. N., & Guzdar, P. N. (1999). Excitation of short-scale density structures by drift waves during ionospheric heating. Geophysical Research Letters, 26(21), 3285-3288.
Avdeev, V. B. (2002). Magnetic moment evaluation of a superlow-frequency rediator occurring in the ionosphere in its heating. Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenij, 45(11), 8-9. In Russian
Bahcivan, H. and R. Doe, Joint PFISR-HAARP experiments to detect ON-and-OFF artificial energetic particle precipitation, RF Ionospheric Interactions Workshop, Santa Fe, NM, April 18-21, 2010.
Bailey, G. J., Denton, M. H., Heelis, R. A., & Venkatraman, S. (2000). A modelling study of the latitudinal variations in the nighttime plasma temperatures of the equatorial topside ionosphere during nothern winter at solar maximum. Annales Geophysicae, 18(11), 1435-1446.
Bailey, P. G., & Worthington, N. C. (1997). History and applications of HAARP technologies: The High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program. Proceedings of the Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference. IEEE: USA. Pp.97216, 1317-1322. Notes: Continued in Electrochemical technologies conversion technologies thermal management.
Bailey, P. G., & Worthington, N. C. (1997). History and applications of HAARP technologies: The High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program. Proceedings of the Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference, v 2, Electrochemical Technologies Conversion Technologies Thermal Management, 1317-1322.
Bailey, P. G., & Worthington, N. C. (2000). History and applications of HAARP technologies: The High Frequesncy Active Auroral Research Program. Proceedings of the Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference, v 2, Electrochemical Technologies Conversion Technologies Thermal Management, 1317-1322.
Ballatore, P., Lanzerotti, L. J., Lu, G., & Knipp, D. J. (2000). Relationship between the Northern Hemisphere Joule heating and geomagnetic activity in the southern polar cap. Journal of Geophysical Research, 105(A12), 27167-27177.
Bell, T., Lower Hybrid Waves and Irregularities, RF Ionospheric Interactions Workshop, Boulder, CO, April 19-22, 2009.
Bell, T. F. (2001). Characterization of the auroral electrojet and the ambient and modified D region for HAARP using long-path VLF diagnostics. (Report No. AFRLVSTR20011573 // ADA405592). Stanford University, Space Telecommunications and Radioscience Lab, CA. 127 pages.
Bell, T. F. (1999). Detection of the 27 Aug 1998 gamma ray flare, and ionospheric effects of relativistic electron flux enhancements. (Report No. NRLMR6750998349 // ADA362758). Stanford University, CA. 12 pages.
Bell, T. F. (1999). Detection of the 27 Aug 1998 gamma ray flare, and ionospheric effects of relativistic electron flux enhancements. (Report No. AFRLVSTR19991540 // ADA387454). Stanford University, CA. 26 pages.
Bell, T. F., Inan, U. S., Platino, M., Pickett, J. S., Kossey, P. A., & Kennedy, E. J. (2004). CLUSTER obervations of lower hybrid waves excited at high altitudes by electromagnetic whistler mode signals from the HAARP facility. Geophysical Research Letters, 31(6), L06811 1-5.
Belova, E., Pchelkina, E., Lyatsky, W., & Pashing, A. (1997). The effect of ionospheric inhomogeneity on magnetic pulsation polarization: magnetic disturbance on the ground as a function of inhomogeneity magnitude. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 59(15), 1945-1952.
Benson, R. F. (1997). Evidence for the stimulation of field-aligned electron density irregularities on a short time scale by ionospheric topside sounders. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 59 (18), 2281-2293.
Bernhardt, P., Generation of Twisted Beams with HAARP, RF Ionospheric Interactions Workshop, Boulder, CO, April 19-22, 2009.
Bernhardt, P., Measurements of Elevated Electron Temperatures with Stimulated Brillouin Scattering, RF Ionospheric Interactions Workshop, Boulder, CO, April 19-22, 2009.
Bernhardt, P., Orbital Angular Momentum Modes with HAARP, RF Ionospheric Interactions Workshop, Boulder, CO, April 19-22, 2009.
Bernhardt, P., and C. Sehcher, 28 October 2008 SEE Observations, 02:30 to 04:00 UT, RF Ionospheric Interactions Workshop, Boulder, CO, April 19-22, 2009.
Bernhardt, P. A., Huba, J. D., Kudeki, E., Woodman, R. F., Condori, L., & Villanueva, F. (2001). Lifetime of a depression in the plasma density over Jicamarca produced by Space Shuttle exhaust in the ionosphere. Radio Science, 36(5), 1209-1220.
Bernhardt, P. A., Selcher, C. A., Lehmberg, R. H., Rodriguez, S., Thomason, J., McCarrick, M., & Frazer, G. (2009). Determination of the electron temperature in the modified ionosphere over HAARP using the HF pumped Stimulated Brillouin Scatter (SBS) emission lines. Annales Geophysicae, 27, 4409-4427.
Bernhardt, P. A., Wong, M., Huba, J. D., Fejer, B. G., Wagner, L. S., Goldstein, J. A., Selcher, C. A., Frolov, V. L., & Serveev, E. N. (2000). Optical remote sensing of the Thermosphere with HF pumped artificial airglow. Journal of Geophysical Research, 105(A5), 10657-10671.
Bezrodny, V. G., Charkina, О. V., Groves, K., Kascheev, A.S., Watkins, B., Yampolski, Y.M., & Murayama, Y. (2008). Application of an imaging HF riometer for the observation of scintillations of discrete cosmic sources. Radio Science, 43(60), 07. doi:101029/2007RS003721
Bezrodny, V. G., Charkina, O. V., Yampolski, Y. M., Watkins, B., & Groves, K. (2010). Application of an Imaging Riometer to Investigating Stimulated Ionospheric Scintillations and Absorption of Radiation from Discrete Cosmic Sources. Radio Physics and Radio Astronomy, Begell House, Inc., 1(4).
Bezrodny, V. G., Charkina, O. V., Yampolski, Y. M., Watkins, B., & Groves, K. (2010). Stimulated Ionospheric Scintillations and Absorption of Discreet Cosmic Sources Radiation Investigated with an Imaging HF Riometer. Radio Physics and Radio Astronomy, 15(2).
Bezrodny, V. G., Charkina, О. V., Groves, K., Kascheev, A.S., Watkins, B., Yampolski, Y.M., & Murayama, Y. (2008). Application of an imaging HF riometer for the observation of scintillations of discrete cosmic sources. Radio Science, 43(60), 07. doi:101029/2007RS003721
Blagoveshchenskaya, N. F., Kornienko, V. A., Borisova, T. D., Rietveld, M. T., Bösinger, T., Thidé, B., Leyser, T. B., & Brekke, A. (2005). Heater-induced phenomena in a coupled ionosphere-magnetosphere system. Advances in Space Research. Notes: Available online
Blagoveshchenskaya, N. F., Kornienko, V. A., Brekke, A., Retveld, M. T., Kosch, M., Borisova, T. D., & Krylosov, M. V. (1999). Phenomena observed by HF long-distanced diagnostic tools in the HF modified Auroral ionosphere during magnetospheric substorm. Radio Science, 34(3), 715-724.
Braysy, T., & Mursula, K. (2001). Conjugate observations of electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves. Journal of Geophysical Research, 106(4), 6029-6041.
Bristow, W., HAARP/PARS Summer School and Research Campaign-2008, RF Ionospheric Interactions Workshop, Boulder, CO, April 19-22, 2009.
Bristow, W., The PFISR: Science Results and Future Plans, RF Ionospheric Interactions Workshop, Santa Fe, NM, April 18-21, 2010.
Busch, L. (1997). Ionosphere research lab sparks fears in Alaska. Science, 275(5303), 1060-1061.
Bösinger, T., Pashin, T., Kero, A., Pollari, P., Belyaev, P., Rietveld, M., Turunen, T., & Kangas, J. (2000). Generation of artificial magnetic pulsations in the Pc1 frequency range by periodic heating of the Earth's ionosphere: indications of ionospheric Alfvén resonator effects. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 62(4), 277-297.
Cannon, P. S., Weitzen, J. A., Ostergaard, J., & Rasmussen, J. E. (1996). Relative impact of meteor scatter and other long-distance high-latitude propagation modes on VHF communication systems. Radio Science, 31(5), 1129-1140.
Chang, C-L., BRIOCHE Campaign Results, RF Ionospheric Interactions Workshop, Santa Fe, New Mexico, April 18-21, 2010.
Cheung, P. Y., Sulzer, M. P., DuBois, D. F., & Russell, D. A. (2001). High-power high-frequency-induced Langmuir turbulence in the smooth ionosphere at Arecibo. II. Low duty cycle, altitude-resolved, observations. Physics of Plasmas, 8(3), 802-812.
Chilson, P. B., Belova, E., Rietved, M. T., Kirkwood, S., & Hoppe, U.-P. (2000). First artificially induced modulation of PMSE using the EISCAT heating facility. Geophysical Research Letters, 27(23), 3801-3804.
Cierpka, K., Kosch, M. J., Nozawa, S., Schlegel, K., Kohsiek, A., & Hagfors, T. (2000). Combined EISCAT and fabry-perot interferometer measurements of ionospheric-thermospheric coupling. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth C, 25(5-6), 563-566.
Cierpka, K., Kosch, M. J., Rietveld. M.T., Schlegel, K., & Hagfors, T. (2000). Direct calculation of F-region Joule heating from simultaneous ion and neutral measurements at thigh latitudes. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth B, 25(5-6), 439-442.
Cohen, M. B., On the Generation of ELF/VLF Waves into the Earth-ionosphere Waveguide via Steerable HF Heating of the Lower Ionosphere, URSI US National Radio Science Meeting; Boulder, CO, January 6-9, 2010.
Cohen, M. B., Techniques for ELF/VLF wave generation with the HAARP facility, RF Ionospheric Interactions Workshop, Boulder, CO, April 19-22, 2009.
Cohen, M. B., U. S. Inan, N. G. Lehtinen, and M. Golkowski, Optimizing ELF/VLF generation via HF heating utilizing beam motion, American Geophysical Union, San Francisco, CA, December 15-19, 2008.
Cohen, M. B., Inan, U.S., Golkowski, M., & McCarrick, M. J. (2010). ELF/VLF wave generation via ionospheric HF heating: Experimental comparison of amplitude modulation, beam painting, and geometric modulation. Journal of Geophysical Research. doi:10.1029/2009JA015147
Cohen, M. B., Inan, U. S., & Paschal, E. W. (2010). Sensitive broadband ELF/VLF radio reception with the AWESOME instrument, IEEE Trans. Geoscience and Remote Sensing.
Cohen, M. B., Inan, U. S., & Golkowski, M. (2009). Reply to comment by R. C. Moore and M. T. Rietveld on `Geometric modulation: A more effective method of steerable ELF/VLF wave generation with continuous HF heating of the lower ionosphere'. Geophysical Research Letters.
Cohen, M. B., Inan, U. S., Golkowski, M., & Lehtinen, N. G. (2010). On the generation of ELF/VLF waves for long-distance propagation via steerable HF heating of the lower ionosphere. Journal of Geophysical Research, 115(A07), 322. doi:10.1029/2009JA015170
Cohen, J. A., Pradipta, R., Burton, L. M., Labno, A., Lee, M. C., Watkins, B. C., Fallen, C., Kuo, S. P., Burke, W. J., Mabius, D., & See, B. Z. (2010). Generation of ionospheric ducts by HAARP HF heater. Phys. Scr.
Cohen, M. B., Said, R. K., & Inan, U. S. (2010). Mitigation of 50/60 Hz power-line interference in geophysical data, Radio Science, 45. doi:10.1029/2010RS004420
Cole, K. D. (2001). Saturated heat conduction and joule heating in the Venus ionosphere by 100 Hz fields. Journal of Geophysical Research, 106(A7), 12953-12961.
Cole, R., Reddell, N., & Inan, U. (2005). From Alaska to the South Pacific in one hop. Sea Technology, 46(4), 27-39.
Compernolle, B. V., Gekelman, W., Pribyl, P., & Carter, T. A. (2005). Generation of Alfvén waves by high power pulse at the eletron plasma frequency. Geophysical Research Letters, 32(8), L08101 1-4. doi:10.1029/2004GL022185, 2005
Danilov, A. D., & Lastovicka, J. (2001). Effects of geomagnetic storms on the ionosphere and atmosphere. International Journal of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy, 2(3).
Danilov, V. V., Mirnov, V. V., & Ucer, D. (1999). High-voltage space tether for enhanced particle scattering in Van Allen belts. Fusion Technology, 35(1T), 312-314.
Danilov, V. V., Mirnov, V. V., & Ucer, D. (1999). High-voltage space tether for enhanced particle scattering in Van Allen belts. International Conference on Open Magnetics Systems for Plasma Confinement, July 27-31, 1998, 35(1T), 312-314.
Darrouzet, F., Spjeldvik, W. N., Lemaire, J. F., Gustafsson, G., Hann, C., & Dyck, C. (2003). Towards statistical and empirical models of the distribution of VLF waves at high latitude from the observations of the Viking spacecraft. Advances in Space Research, 32(3), 323-328.
Delamere, P. A., Swift, D. W., & Stenbaek-Nielsen, H. C. (2001). An explanation of the ion cloud morphology in the CRRES. Journal of Geophysical Research, 106(A10), 21289-21295.
Deming, D. (2004). The hum: An anomalous sound heard around the world. Journal of Scientific Exploration, 18(4), 571-595.
Demirkol, M. K. (2000). VLF remote sensing of the ambient and modified lower ionosphere, Ph.D. thesis. Stanford University. 111 pages.
Depueva, A. K., & Rotanova, N. M. (2000). Modification of the low-latitude and equatorial ionosphere before earthquakes. Geomagnetism and Aeronomy, 40(6), 728-732.
Djuth, F. T., & Elder, J. H. (2000). Electromagnetic Diagnostics of Atmospheric Plasmas. (Report No. GRI-BA-00-7250 // AFRLVS-TR-2000-1522). Geospace Research, Inc., El Segundo, CA. 47 pages.
Djuth, F. T., Elder, J. H., & Williams, K. L. (1996). Diagnostic system for studying energy partitioning and asssessing the response of the ionosphere during HAARP modification experiments. (Report No. NAS126202654 // GRINASA967130 // NASACR202654 // N19970005157). Geospace Research, Inc., El Segundo, CA. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, DC. 54 pages.
Djuth, F. T., Pedersen, T. R., Gerken, E. A., Bernhardt, P. A., Selcher, C. A., Bristow, W. A., & Kosch, M. J. (2005). Ionospheric modification at twice the electron cyclotron frequency. Physical Review Letters, 94(12), 125001 1-4.
Djuth, F. T., Elder, J. H., & Williams, K. L. (1996). A diagnostic system for studying energy partitioning and assessing the response of the ionosphere during HAARP modification experiments. (Report No. NASA-CR-202654 // NAS 1.26:202654 // GRI-NAS-96-7130). NASA Center for AeroSpace Information (CASI). http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19970005157_1997004...
Doherty, P., Raffi, E., Klobuchar, J., & El-Arini, M. B. (1994). Statistics of time rate of change of ionospheric rage delay. Proceedings of ION GPS, 2, 1589-1598.
Dubouloz, N., Bouhram, M., Senior, C., Delcourt, D., Malingre, M., & Sauvaud, J.-A. (2001). Spatial structure of the cusp/cleft ion fountain: a case study using a magnetic conjugacy between interball AP and a pair of SuperDARN radars. Journal of Geophysical Research, 106(A1), 261-274.
Duncan, L. M. (1995). Investigation of ionospheric disturbances and associated diagnostic techniques. (Report No. PLTR942309 // ADA3077971). Clemson University, SC. 21 pages.
Eccles, V., & Armstrong, R. (1993). Upper atmospheric effects of the HF active auroral research program ionospheric research instrument (HAARP IRI). (Report No. ADA2689487). Mission Research Corp., Nashua, NH. 19 pages.
Erukhimov, L. M., & Shpiro, P. I. (1997). Numerical simulation of the mutual conversion of ordinary and extraordinary waves in a magnetised plasma by artificial ionospheric turbulence. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 59(18), 2409-2414.
European Geophysical Society. (2000). Annales Geophysicae: Special Issue, 18(9), 993-1255. Notes: Special issue, selected papers from the 9th international EISCAT workshop, September 1999
Fallen, C. T., and B. J. Watkins, Time-dependent observation and modeling of the enhanced ion-line matching height during HF heating of the F-region ionosphere, National Radio Science Meeting, Boulder, Colorado, January 5-8, 2009.
Fallen, C. T., and B. J. Watkins, Time variations of the HF-enhanced ion-line and airglow emission altitudes, RF Ionospheric Interactions Workshop, Santa Fe, NM, April 18-21, 2010.
Fallen, C. T., and B. J. Watkins, Models and measurements of IA wave velocity during HF radio modification of the polar ionosphere, RF Ionospheric Interactions Workshop: Boulder, Colorado, April 19-22, 2009.
Fallen, C. T., B. J. Watkins, and J. A. Secan, TEC enhancements during HF ionospheric heating experiments, American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, San Francisco, CA, Dec. 14-18, 2009.
Falmer, M. (1995). Heating up the airwaves - The US HAARP research programme and its potential for military applications. Jane's Defence Weekly, 23(13), 21-22.
Field, E. C., & Bloom, R. M. (1993). Excitation of earth-ionosphere waveguide in the ELF and lower VLF bands by modulated ionospheric current. (Report No. SCIENTIFIC3 // ADA2749695). Pacific-Sierra Research Corp., Los Angeles, CA. 33 pages.
Frank, L. A., & Paterson, W. R. (2000). Observations of plasmas in the Io torus with the Galileo spacecraft. Journal of Geophysical Research, 105(A7), 16017-16034.
Fraser-Smith, A. C., & Teague, C. C. (1998). Low frequency radio research at Thule, Greenland. (Report No. AFRLVSHATR980008 // ADA360991). Stanford University, CA. Space Telecommunications and Radioscience Lab. 25 pages.
Fremouw, E. J., Holland, E. A., & Mazzella, A. J. (1998). Investigations of the nature and behavior of plasma-density disturbances that may impact GPS and other transionospheric systems. (Report No. NWRACR98R188 // AFRLVSTR19991515 // ADA402166). Northwest Research Associates, Inc., Bellevue, WA. 31 pages.
Fremouw, E. J., Mazzella, A. J., & Rao, G. (2001). Investigations of the nature and behavior of plasma-density disturbances that may impact GPS and other transionospheric systems. (Report No. NWRACR01R240 // AFRLVSTR20021672 // ADA419703). Northwest Research Associates, Inc., Bellevue, WA. 30 pages.
Fremouw, E. J., Mazzella, A. J., & Rao, G. S. (2000). Ionospheric sensor developments for the year-2000 soalr maximum. (Report No. NWRACR00R225 // AFRLVSTR20011538 // ADA419928). Northwest Research Associates, Inc., Bellevue, WA. 45 pages.
Frolov, V., Features of Artificial Ionospheric Turbulence, RF Ionospheric Interactions Workshop, Boulder, CO, April 19-22, 2009.
Frolov, V., Some remarks on features of artificial small-scale ionospheric irregularities, RF Ionospheric Interactions Workshop, Boulder, CO, April 19-22, 2009.
Frolov, V., Spatial structure of the ionosphere disturbed volume over the Sura heating facility, RF Ionospheric Interactions Workshop, Boulder, CO, April 19-22, 2009.
Frolov, V. L., Ermakova, E. N., Kagan, L. M., Komrakov, G. P., Sergeev, E. N., & Stubbe, P. (2000). Feasures of the broad upshifted structure in stimulated electromagnetic emission spectra. Journal of Geophysical Research, 105(A9), 20919-20933.
Fujii, R., Nozawa, S., Buchert, S. C., & Brekke, A. (2000). Energy coupling between the magnetosphere, ionosphere and thermosphere. Advances in Space Research, 25(1), 213-218.
Galushko, V. G., Koloskov, A. V., Paznukhov, V. V., Reinisch, B. W., Sales, G., Yamplski, Y. M., & Zalizovsky, A. V. (2008). Self-Scattering of the HAARP-Heater Emission as Observed at Geographically Dispersed Receiving Sites. IEEE Antennas and Propagation, 50(6).
Ganguly, S. (2000). Experimental demonstration of underground structure characterization using sensitive magnetic sensors. (Report No. AFRLVSTR20011606 // ADA406535). Center for Remote Sensing, Inc., Fairfax, VA. 51pages.
Gelinas, L. J., Kelley, M. C., Sia, C., & Larsen, M. F. (2001). Auroral emission generated by a trimethyl aluminum release. Journal of Geophysical Research, 106(A10), 21495-21502.
Gibby, A., Inan, U. S., & Bell, T. F. (2008). Saturation effects in the VLF-triggered emission process. Journal of Geophysical Research, 113(A11), 215. doi:10.1029/2008JA013233
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In extreme cases, it might involve the creation of completely new weather patterns, attenuation or control of severe storms,
or even alteration of global climate on a far-reaching and/or long-lasting scale.
In the mildest and least controversial cases it may consist of inducing or suppressing precipitation, clouds, or fog for short times over a small-scale region.
Two key technologies are necessary to meld an integrated, comprehensive, responsive, precise, and effective weather-modification system.
Advances in the science of chaos are critical to this endeavor.
This study by William M. Gray, et al., investigated the hypothesis that “significant beneficial influences can be derived through judicious exploitation of the solar absorption potential of carbon black dust.”
The study ultimately found that this technology could be used to enhance rainfall on the mesoscale, generate cirrus clouds, and enhance cumulonimbus (thunderstorm) clouds in otherwise dry areas. The technology can be described as follows. Just as a black tar roof easily absorbs solar energy and subsequently radiates heat during a sunny day, carbon black also readily absorbs solar energy. When dispersed in microscopic or “dust” form in the air over a large body of water, the carbon becomes hot and heats the surrounding air, thereby increasing the amount of evaporation from the body of water below. As the surrounding air heats up, parcels of air will rise and the water vapor contained in the rising air parcel will eventually condense to form clouds. Over time the cloud droplets increase in size as more and more water vapor condenses, and eventually they become too large and heavy to stay suspended and will fall as rain or other forms of precipitation.
The study points out that this precipitation enhancement technology would work best “upwind from coastlines with onshore flow.” Lake-effect snow along the southern edge of the Great Lakes is a naturally occurring phenomenon based on similar dynamics. Can this type of precipitation enhancement technology have military applications? Yes, if the right conditions exist.
Numerous dispersal techniques have already been studied, but the most convenient, safe, and cost-effective method discussed is the use of afterburner-type jet engines to generate carbon particles while flying through the targeted air.
This method is based on injection of liquid hydrocarbon fuel into the afterburner’s combustion gases. This direct generation method was found to be more desirable than another plausible method (i.e., the transport of large quantities of previously produced and properly sized carbon dust to the desired altitude).
Storms
The desirability to modify storms to support military objectives is the most aggressive and controversial type of weather-modification.
The damage caused by storms is indeed horrendous.
For instance, a tropical storm has an energy equal to 10,000 one-megaton hydrogen bombs, and in 1992 Hurricane Andrew totally destroyed Homestead AFB, Florida, caused the evacuation of most military aircraft in the southeastern US, and resulted in $15.5 billion of damage.
An artificial ionospheric mirror (AIM) would serve as a precise mirror for electromagnetic radiation of a selected frequency or a range of frequencies. It would thereby be useful for both pinpoint control of friendly communications and interception of enemy transmissions. This concept has been described in detail by Paul A. Kossey, et al. in a paper entitled “Artificial Ionospheric Mirrors (AIM).”
The authors describe how one could precisely control the location and height of the region of artificially produced ionizationusing crossed microwave (MW) beams,
which produce atmospheric breakdown (ionization) of neutral species.
One major advantage of using simulated weather to achieve a desired effect is that unlike other approaches, it makes what are otherwise the results of deliberate actions appear to be the consequences of natural weather phenomena. In addition, it is potentially relatively inexpensive to do.
According to J. Storrs Hall, a scientist at Rutgers University conducting research on nanotechnology, production costs of these nanoparticles could be about the same price per pound as potatoes.
http://web.archive.org/web/20110411051926/http://www-star.stanford.edu/~vlf/buoy/
http://web.archive.org/web/20030514224229/http://www-star.stanford.edu/~vlf/buoy/Documents/BuoyScienceDescription.pdf ELF/VLF Wave-injection and Magnetospheric Probing with HAARP
http://web.archive.org/web/20100131103745/http://www.patentstorm.us/patents/5068669/fulltext.html Power beaming system
As if things were bad enough. This freaks me out.
Thank you for your thorough research, valuable to have it in one place.
Get free, stay safe.